Intangiriro
Gukata uruhu ni kimwe mu bikorwa bya kera byahimbwe mu mateka y’umuntu, nyamara uburyo bwo guca uruhu muri iki gihe bwahindutse kure cyane y’icyuma gakondo n’intoki -. Ibicuruzwa bigezweho byuruhu - kuva inkweto n'umukandara kugeza imbere mumodoka hamwe namashashi meza - biterwa nuburyo bunoze, bunoze kandi bunini. Intandaro yiri hinduka ryinganda ni imashini ikata uruhu, igikoresho gihanitse gihuza imashini, kugenzura imibare hamwe nubuhanga bwihariye bwo guca.
Ariko, mubyukuri, imashini ikata uruhu ikora ite? Niki kibaho imbere muri sisitemu, kandi niki gituma gishobora gukora ibikoresho nkibikomeye, byoroshye kandi bitandukanye nkuruhu? Iki gitabo cyuzuye gisenya amahame, ibice, inzira yakazi nubwoko bwimashini zikata uruhu zikoreshwa uyumunsi.
Mugihe cyanyuma, ntuzumva gusaguteimashini ikata uruhu ikora, ariko kandikubera ikiikora neza - nuburyo tekinoloji zitandukanye zo guca zikoreshwa hashingiwe ku bwoko bwuruhu, ibikenerwa mu musaruro na bije.
1. Imashini yo gutema uruhu ni iki?
Imashini ikata uruhu ni mudasobwa - igenzurwa cyangwa ikoreshwa nintoki zagenewe gukata uruhu karemano, uruhu rwubukorikori hamwe nibikoresho byuruhu. Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga ryayo, irashobora gukoresha:
Icyuma
Icyuma kizunguruka
Kurura ibyuma
Imirasire
Gupfa kugabanya igitutu
Amazi
Muri ibyo, icyuma cya CNC - imashini zikata uruhu nizo zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zigezweho kuko zitanga:
Ibisobanuro birambuye
Ubwiza busubirwamo
Imyanda mike
Guhindura uburyo bwinshi
Guhuza nibikoresho binini kandi byoroshye
Imashini ikomatanya ibyuma (kumeza yo gukata, ibikoresho, moteri) hamwe na software (CAD, gahunda yo guteramo ibyari, kugenzura ibyerekezo) kugirango itangire inzira yose yo guca.
2. Imiterere yimashini igabanya uruhu rugezweho
Kugira ngo wumve uko ikora, reka dusenye ibice byingenzi.
2.1 Gukata Imeza / Uburiri bwakazi
Ameza yo gukata niho hashyizwe uruhu. Ubusanzwe ikubiyemo:
Vacuum adsorption zone kugirango ifate uruhu ruringaniye
Fata cyangwa PVC yo gukata matel kugirango urinde icyuma
Ubwubatsi bukomeye, kunyeganyega - birwanya kubaka kugirango bikomeze
Vacuum ifata - hasi ni ngombwa kuko uruhu akenshi ruba rutegera, rurambuye, cyangwa rufite ubunini butaringaniye. Ubuso butajegajega butuma gukata neza kandi neza.
2.2 Ibikoresho byo gutema
Imashini zitandukanye zishyigikira ibikoresho bitandukanye. Imitwe isanzwe yo gukata irashobora kuba irimo:
Pneumatic oscillating icyuma - nibyiza kuburuhu runini, rukomeye cyangwa rukomeye
Icyuma kinyeganyeza amashanyarazi - neza, hejuru - yinyeganyeza yinshyi kuburuhu rusange
Icyuma kizunguruka - kumurongo muremure ugororotse
Kurura icyuma - cyubukungu, kubintu byoroshye
Ibikoresho byo gukubita - kubyobo, ibimenyetso byo kudoda no gutobora
Gukora ibikoresho - kumurongo wububiko
Ikaramu cyangwa ikimenyetso - cyo gushushanya imiterere n'ingingo zerekana
Imashini nyinshi zigezweho zemerera ibikoresho guhinduranya ibintu byinshi - gutunganya uruhu.
2.3 Sisitemu yo kugenda
Sisitemu yimikorere itwara umutwe ukata X / Y. Harimo:
Hejuru - moteri ya servo itomoye
Kuyobora umurongo
Umukandara cyangwa rack - na - kwanduza pinion
Ikibaho
Ibi byemeza kugenda neza, bihamye kandi byukuri, mubisanzwe muri ± 0.1 mm. Uru rwego rwukuri ni ingenzi kubicuruzwa byiza byuruhu.
2.4 Sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura yakira dosiye zo gukata kandi ikayihindura mumashini. Ibi birimo:
Porogaramu ya CAD / CAM
Imigaragarire yo gutumiza hanze
Gutezimbere
Igisekuru
Umuvuduko, igitutu no guca ubugenzuzi bwimbitse
Umukoresha yikorera gusa dosiye ishushanya (PLT, DXF, DWG, AI, nibindi), hanyuma imashini ikora ibisigaye.
3. Ihame ryakazi ryimashini ikata uruhu
Noneho reka tunyure muburyo bwo guca intambwe ku yindi.
Intambwe ya 1: Gutegura icyitegererezo cya Digital
Ibishushanyo byateguwe ukoresheje software ya CAD. Ibi birimo:
Gushushanya cyangwa gutumiza hejuru yinkweto, imifuka, intebe, nibindi.
Ingano
Guhindura imirongo n'imirongo
Gushiraho ubujyakuzimu, ubwoko bwibikoresho n'umuvuduko
Ibishushanyo birashobora kandi kubisikana muburyo butaziguye.
Intambwe ya 2: Gutera byikora
Porogaramu yo guturamo itegura uburyo bwinshi kuruhu kugirango igabanye imyanda.
Icyari cyiza cyo guteramo kirareba:
Imiterere y'uruhu
Inenge karemano
Kurambura icyerekezo
Icyerekezo cy'intete
Umusaruro vs kuzigama ibikoresho
Gutera ubwenge birashobora kuzigama 5-15% byamafaranga yimpu ugereranije nuburyo bwintoki.
Intambwe ya 3: Gushyira uruhu kumeza yo gutema
Umukoresha ashyira uruhu kumeza ya vacuum. Sensors ibona:
Ubunini bw'uruhu
Uruhu
Inenge (sisitemu ya kamera ya CCD)
Noneho sisitemu ya vacuum irakingura, igorora uruhu.
Intambwe ya 4: Gutema biratangira
Igikoresho cyo gukata kigenda munzira zateguwe. Reka dusuzume uburyo ibikoresho bitandukanye bikora.
4. Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutema ikora
4.1 Icyuma gitsindagira
Icyuma kinyeganyega gikoresha - inshuro nyinshi - na - munsi yinyeganyeza, mubisanzwe 8,000 - 20.000 ku munota. Icyuma kinyeganyega gihagaritse mugihe kigenda gitambitse, gicamo fibre y'uruhu neza.
Icyuma gihungabana
Bikoreshejwe n'umwuka uhumanye
Amplitude nini, imbaraga zikomeye
Nibyiza kumpu zibyibushye, uruhu rwinka, hamwe nibintu bikomeye
Icyuma kinyeganyeza amashanyarazi
Hatuje, birasobanutse neza
Birakwiriye kubicuruzwa rusange byuruhu
Ibyiza:
Nta kimenyetso cyaka
Nta gucana
Impande zoroshye
Gukata vuba
Iyo ikoreshwa:
Inkweto
Amashashi
Ibikoresho byo mu nzu
Imodoka imbere
4.2 Icyuma kizunguruka
Icyuma kizunguruka gikoresha uruziga ruzunguruka. Igabanya ubudahwema kandi neza, cyane cyane kuri:
Imirongo miremire igororotse
Kinini - imirongo ya radiyo
Imyenda nimpu yoroshye
Uburyo ikora:
Icyuma kizunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi mugihe ushyizeho umuvuduko wo hasi. Aho "gukata ukata" nkicyuma kinyeganyega, "gikata mukuzunguruka," kirema impande zisukuye cyane.
4.3 Kurura icyuma
Icyuma gikurura gikurikira inzira yo guca hamwe nicyuma gihamye kizunguruka mu bwisanzure. Nibyoroshye ariko ntibikwiriye uruhu runini cyangwa rukomeye.
4.4 Gukata Laser
Lazeri yaciwe no gushonga no guhumeka ibintu.
Ibyiza:
Byukuri cyane
Nta kwambara ibikoresho
Ibibi:
Impande zahiye ku ruhu rusanzwe
Umwotsi wangiza mugihe ukata uruhu rwubukorikori
Rero, kuruhu, ibyuma bya mashini birakenewe.
4.5 Ibikoresho byo gukubita
Byakoreshejwe kuri:
Umukandara
Shona umwobo
Imitako
Gutobora umwuka
Ibikoresho byo gukubita birashobora guhita byinjizwa muburyo bwo gukata.
5. Nukuri - Igikorwa Cyisi: Kuva Uruhu Ruto kugeza Kurangiza Gukata Ibice
5.1 Menya inenge zuruhu
Imashini zimwe zihuza kamera za CCD kugirango tumenye:
Inkovu
Imyobo
Kurumwa n'udukoko
Guhindura amabara
Abakoresha barashobora gushira akamenyetso cyangwa kwirinda uturere.
5.2 Kumenyekanisha ku buryo bwikora
Imashini isuzuma uruhu rwuruhu kandi igahindura ibyari bikurikije. Ibi birinda imyanda kandi byemeza ko imiterere ihuye nuruhu rudasanzwe.
5.3 Gukata
Byose bimaze gushyirwaho:
Sisitemu ya Vacuum ikora
Icyuma kigenda munzira nyabagendwa
Umuvuduko uhinduka mu buryo bwikora
Ubujyakuzimu bugenzurwa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'uruhu
Imashini ihindura ibikoresho mugihe bikenewe
Ibice byarangiye birasohoka
6. Ni iki gituma gukata uruhu bigorana?
Uruhu ntabwo ari rumwe. Inzitizi zirimo:
Ubunini butandukanye
Ubusanzwe
Imiterere idasanzwe
Icyerekezo
Itandukaniro ryimbere ryimbere
Imashini zogosha uruhu zigezweho zitsinda ibi:
Umuvuduko wo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Kugenzura umuvuduko uhinduka
Icyari cyubwenge
Icyuho gikomeye gifata - hasi
Hejuru - moteri ya servo itomoye
7. Inyungu zo Gukoresha Imashini yo Gutema Uruhu
7.1 Ubusobanuro no guhuzagurika
Gukata intoki biratandukana kubuhanga bukoresha. Imashini zitanga ubuziranenge buri gihe.
7.2 Kugabanya ibiciro byakazi
Umukoresha umwe arashobora kugenzura imashini nyinshi.
7.3
Umusaruro wihuse
Inzira ngufi zo gutanga
Kunoza ibicuruzwa byinjira mu ruganda
7.4 Kuzigama ibikoresho
Icyari cyubwenge kigabanya imyanda kuburyo bugaragara.
7.5
Nta murongo ufatanye cyangwa gukata kutaringaniye.
7.6
Imashini zo gutema zikorana na:
Uruhu rusanzwe
Uruhu rwa PU
Uruhu rwa Microfiber
Rubber uruhu
Uruhu
Ifuro ryinshi
Imyenda ya tekiniki
8. Ubwoko bwimashini zikata uruhu ukoresheje Porogaramu
8.1 Gukora inkweto
Hejuru
Umurongo
Inkweto
Ibice byo gushushanya
Irasaba ibisobanuro bihanitse kugirango ubunini buhoraho.
8.2 Gukora imifuka n'imizigo
Imifuka yimyambarire
Ibicuruzwa byiza
Umufuka
Umukandara
Irasaba ibisobanuro byuzuye no kurinda kurangiza hejuru.
8.3 Imodoka n'ibikoresho byo mu nzu
Imashini nini - imashini zikata:
Intebe z'imodoka
Sofa
Imbere
Umunzani no gutera neza birakomeye.
8.4 Inganda n’imyenda
Ibikoresho byoroshye byuruhu kuri:
Ikoti
Gants
Vests
Imashini zigomba gukora uruhu rworoshye, rworoshye.
8.5 Ubukorikori n'amaduka yihariye
Uduce duto twa CNC dukoreshwa nabashushanya na sitidiyo nto.
9. Nigute Imashini Igumana Ukuri?
Ibintu byinshi byubuhanga bitanga:
Moteri ya Servo kugirango igende neza
Imirongo igororotse kugirango igende neza
Imirongo n'umukandara
Guhindura igitutu cyicyuma
Nukuri - igihe indishyi algorithms
Iyerekwa rya CCD
Imashini zisubiramo buri gihe kugirango zemeze igihe kirekire -.
10. Kubungabunga no Kubungabunga
Imashini ikata uruhu isaba ubwitonzi buri gihe:
Sukura umukungugu n'imyanda
Simbuza ibyuma buri gihe
Gusiga amavuta
Reba vacuum pump muyunguruzi
Kugenzura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi
Kuvugurura software
Nibyiza - imashini zibungabunzwe zirashobora gukora imyaka 8-10.
11. Ibihe bizaza muburyo bwo gutema uruhu
Inganda zigenda zigana:
11.1 AI - Yamenyekanye neza
Mu buryo bwikora kumenya inenge no guhindura inzira zo guca.
11.2
Imashini zimpu + robot + imashini zikata.
11.3 Ingufu - Sisitemu nziza
Gukoresha umwuka muke hamwe na moteri ikora neza.
11.4 Gucunga ibicuruzwa
Isomero ryibishushanyo mbonera hamwe no gukurikirana uruganda.
Umwanzuro
Imashini zo gukata uruhu zahinduye inganda zimpu zitanga ibisobanuro, guhoraho, no gupima. Binyuze mu guhuza ibikoresho byateye imbere - cyane cyane ibyuma bihindagurika hamwe nicyuma kizunguruka - hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cya digitale, icyari cyiza cyo guturamo hamwe no guhagarika vacuum, izi mashini zihindura uruhu mbisi rinini cyane, rinini -. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo guhuza nubunini butandukanye, imiterere, nuburyo butuma biba ingenzi kubirato byinkweto, imifuka, ibikoresho byimodoka, ibikoresho, imyenda nibicuruzwa byimpu.
Inyuma ya buri gicuruzwa cyakozwe neza cyuruhu ubona uyumunsi - kuva mumifuka ihebuje kugeza mumodoka imbere - hariho sisitemu yo gukata neza, yubwenge yemeza neza kandi neza. Gusobanukirwa nuburyo izo mashini zikora zitanga ubushishozi mubikorwa bigezweho ndetse nihindagurika ryubukorikori bwuruhu.
